If you are trying to schedule your study time, and wondering whether you should do it during the day or at night, you may want to refer to chronobiology, which is the science of “good timing”.
Our bodies’ cycles of alertness and focus are hardwired into our DNA – more specifically, our circadian rhythms, which are 24-hour cycles that are part of the body’s internal clock, helping us to carry out different activities and essential functions. It also regulates our sleep cycles and controls when we are tired. The circadian rhythm is directly influenced by environmental cues such as light and dark, which is why the days and nights can have different effects on your body.
In terms of learning, science has found that it is most effective between 10 am to 2 pm, and then again from 4 pm to 10 pm. This is when the brain is in acquisition mode. On the opposite spectrum, it is least effective between 4 am and 7 am. And if you’re trying to come up with ideas, research shows that people are at their least creative between 11 am to 3 pm. The suggestion instead is to lean into moments when you’re slightly tired and easily distracted – during these times, there is better synthesis between the left and right side of the brain, which can stimulate new and unique connections, and trigger innovative thinking.
Of course, everyone is different, and there is no definitive “best” time. There are those who prefer to study at night, and others first thing in the morning. In any case, there are advantages to either option.
During the day, your mind has benefitted from a refreshing night’s sleep. This fresh energy can make it easier to focus, so you’ll be able to retain information better. You are also less likely to require indoor lighting – sunlight is better for your eyes than artificial light, and makes you more alert and awake.
The nighttime, on the other hand, provides fewer distractions and a quieter environment, which many may find more conducive to learning. It is also said that sleeping after studying helps to consolidate information and improve recall. However, night learners should have a routine that would still give them enough time for a good night’s sleep.
Whichever time you choose, make sure that it is something that you can stick with, at least a few days a week. Being consistent with your studying can help you condition your mind and body to anticipate and be more responsive to the learning process, therefore improving the effectiveness of your sessions.